Proclaimed the "king of diseases" in the Vedic texts (1500-800BC), a deadly fever was sometimes recorded in the ancient civilizations of China, Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and Greece. The Indian physician Sushruta (6th century BC) wrote vishama jwara "chronic fever", and "the father of medicine" Hippocrates (5th century BC) explained this condition. The most dangerous diversity is said to have contributed to the decline of the Roman Empire in the 5th century..jpg)
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Such a rare disease, dating back to the 14th century, known in English as ague - mentioned in Shakespeare's eight plays - was borrowed from Anglo-Norman and Middle French ague, eventually to post-classical Latin acuta "acute fever".
It was only in 1718 that the term "malaria" was coined, by Italian physician Francisco Torti - Italian mala + aria "evil spirit", based on a well-documented miasma view of doctors who said the disease was caused by respiratory failure. in stagnant bodies of water.
The Pontine Marshes around Rome were notorious for this. (The ancient Greeks thought it was obtained by drinking water from swamps; the Greek word elonosia is “swamp disease.”) Initially, malaria referred to the bad weather conditions that are said to be caused by swamps in Italy and other tropical countries, more than any other. The febrile disease is thought to be the result of this. Then came the breakthroughs in the late 19th century: French military physician Alphonse Laveran in 1880 on patients' red blood cells, and British pathologist Ronald Ross in 1897 in India with Govian . and his colleagues in 1898 in Rome for mosquito malaria parasites.
It was then that the term malaria came to refer to a disease caused by the mosquitoes carried by the plasmodium. (Although Suśrutasamhitā, one of the most important Sanskrit medical texts, was already in the 6th century BC and linked malaria to insect bites.) Today, while the northern hemisphere has successfully controlled malaria, the World Health Organization last year confirmed it. that China has eradicated the disease, more than half the world's population is at risk, and the language used in the epidemic is still a major factor in preventing and seeking the moral attention of local people.
For example, in Madagascar, the Malagasy words tazo "fever" and tazomahery "severe fever" are more widespread than the biomedical term tazomoka "mosquito fever", thus affecting the local perceptions of the real cause. Collaborating with linguists and local communities - in translation, word development, and risk communication - is essential for effective public health interventions in efforts to control malaria.
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